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		<title>Jan: Created page with &quot;1 Outline for Life IS book 2/4/17 Forward: Aaron Gire summary In separate doc Personal Forward – Norm and Skye Hirst 1 A preface of Norm Hirst’s Inquiry History 1 Breakthr...&quot;</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;1 Outline for Life IS book 2/4/17 Forward: Aaron Gire summary In separate doc Personal Forward – Norm and Skye Hirst 1 A preface of Norm Hirst’s Inquiry History 1 Breakthr...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;1&lt;br /&gt;
Outline for Life IS book 2/4/17&lt;br /&gt;
Forward: Aaron Gire summary In separate doc&lt;br /&gt;
Personal Forward – Norm and Skye Hirst 1&lt;br /&gt;
A preface of Norm Hirst’s Inquiry History 1&lt;br /&gt;
Breakthrough references: 4&lt;br /&gt;
To get through the mechanistic deadlock to further understanding requires a new foundation of&lt;br /&gt;
philosophy with matching logic. 4&lt;br /&gt;
Towards a science of life as creative organism, we consider the following topics: 4&lt;br /&gt;
1. Life as fundamental and creative, not matter&lt;br /&gt;
2. The characteristics of life as organisms and organismic functioning&lt;br /&gt;
3. Foundations for a new organismic philosophy and formalism&lt;br /&gt;
4. Logic (Early Formalism) of Organisms&lt;br /&gt;
Prologue 5&lt;br /&gt;
A new age of understanding Life as organism, we speculate 5&lt;br /&gt;
These principles reveal how individual life-forms are both autonomous and connected 5&lt;br /&gt;
An Abductive Hypotheses 5&lt;br /&gt;
• Life-itself is a primordial matrix, an originating force out of which living entities are&lt;br /&gt;
formed and manifest.&lt;br /&gt;
• Living entities are self-creating according to the laws of Life-itself&lt;br /&gt;
• These laws, although they are in process of being discovered, would appear to be&lt;br /&gt;
foundational, epi ordering processes through which living entities manifest.&lt;br /&gt;
Section I 6&lt;br /&gt;
Ok. What is Life? 6&lt;br /&gt;
Life means the organizing principles that are creating all forms of life. 7&lt;br /&gt;
Life is Sui generis 7&lt;br /&gt;
Life means organisms - Organism/NOT/computers 7-8&lt;br /&gt;
Life means structured energy in the Sea of Dirac (pre-space) 8&lt;br /&gt;
2&lt;br /&gt;
Old and Emerging Worldviews; how they contrast 8&lt;br /&gt;
Process 8&lt;br /&gt;
Non-living, living processes 9&lt;br /&gt;
What we perceive depends on what we think. 9&lt;br /&gt;
What will the new mind (new paradigm) be? 10&lt;br /&gt;
Our goal has been to make the nature and requirements of life-itself more fully&lt;br /&gt;
conscious. 11&lt;br /&gt;
The use of force and violence to control the world leads to less freedom that ultimately erupts&lt;br /&gt;
in more violence. A downward spiral occurs when attempts to control life with more laws,&lt;br /&gt;
more restrictions, a narrow interpretation of &amp;quot;rule of law&amp;quot; are used in the belief that control will&lt;br /&gt;
restore order during such times of violence. As soldiers worldwide are discovering, more is&lt;br /&gt;
accomplished by winning &amp;quot;hearts and minds&amp;quot; than by using force and rules.&lt;br /&gt;
The current dominant worldview cannot support life (manifest living entities) 11&lt;br /&gt;
Spiral Dynamics” by Don Beck and Chris Cowan. Levels of human development 11&lt;br /&gt;
What role might you have in shaping where it is going? 13&lt;br /&gt;
Supporting the individual shift is a quiet revolution occurring in sciences, philosophy,&lt;br /&gt;
and religion. 13&lt;br /&gt;
Section II 14&lt;br /&gt;
From where has the Current World View of Western Thought come - what formed that&lt;br /&gt;
dominant perspective impacting economies, cultures, science, &amp;amp; religions? 14&lt;br /&gt;
Beverly Rubik quote 14&lt;br /&gt;
Paradigm, what do we mean? (See T. Kuhn&amp;#039;s 1962 Book, The Structure of Scientific&lt;br /&gt;
Revolutions for deeper explanation) 14&lt;br /&gt;
What happens during such major shifts 15&lt;br /&gt;
Some terms clarification for further discourse 16&lt;br /&gt;
Newtonian mechanism 16&lt;br /&gt;
What is science? 16&lt;br /&gt;
Science is formal theory development (sign or&lt;br /&gt;
symbol system) applied to subject matter&lt;br /&gt;
(philosophies) 16&lt;br /&gt;
3&lt;br /&gt;
“Form of function” 16&lt;br /&gt;
organizing laws of the forms of function 17&lt;br /&gt;
Science requires both head and heart 17&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophy and science complementary 17&lt;br /&gt;
What is philosophy? 17&lt;br /&gt;
What is Metaphysics?: insert definition- see&lt;br /&gt;
Whitehead and Hartshorn&lt;br /&gt;
What is theory 17&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophies and Metaphysics that have shaped our current worldview 18&lt;br /&gt;
Our current worldview is based on “Substance” Philosophy 18&lt;br /&gt;
Background of Philosophy/Science development: 18&lt;br /&gt;
Rescher’s contrast Process and Substance Metaphysics 18-19&lt;br /&gt;
Substance concepts explained 19&lt;br /&gt;
Above set of philosophical assumptions gave rise to the theory of&lt;br /&gt;
reductionism 19&lt;br /&gt;
In the domain of discourse in Western Science, everything that is observed&lt;br /&gt;
is or is reduced to passive particles and force. It has no living entities in it.&lt;br /&gt;
The foundation science is physics. 20&lt;br /&gt;
Sciences (Physics, Newtonian) that have formed current worldview. 20&lt;br /&gt;
Given the reductionistic philosophical foundations, science developed in&lt;br /&gt;
the following ways. 20&lt;br /&gt;
What is science? How does it form and shape thought and actions?&lt;br /&gt;
We&amp;#039;d like to distinguish here what is Science and what is Not Science 20&lt;br /&gt;
Hutchins Quote 21&lt;br /&gt;
The sign system for physics is mathematics 21&lt;br /&gt;
Scientific statements are about the organizing principles of&lt;br /&gt;
processes 21&lt;br /&gt;
Two kinds of process; non-living and living 21&lt;br /&gt;
The difference between scientific knowledge and other kinds of&lt;br /&gt;
knowledge is the difference between how and what 21&lt;br /&gt;
4&lt;br /&gt;
Way down deep we have committed ourselves to &amp;quot;thing&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
metaphysics 21&lt;br /&gt;
Actually we do not live in a world of things 22&lt;br /&gt;
I want to provide a little example of how science works 22&lt;br /&gt;
What they are looking for in their observations, laboratory&lt;br /&gt;
or not, is a falsifying instance. 22&lt;br /&gt;
I am trying to portray a condition of science. 23&lt;br /&gt;
1. All the laws have to fit together in a coherent whole. 23&lt;br /&gt;
2. The scientific formalism displays the connectedness and&lt;br /&gt;
the coherence 23&lt;br /&gt;
3. Working with the formalism can, and often does, reveal&lt;br /&gt;
new law 23&lt;br /&gt;
Two Dramatic cases follow 23&lt;br /&gt;
1. Maxwell’s equations leading to electromagnetic&lt;br /&gt;
waves. 24&lt;br /&gt;
2 Revolutionary advances in science often require&lt;br /&gt;
prior revolutionary advances in the formalism 23&lt;br /&gt;
In English concepts are analytic. In mathematics they are synthetic. 24&lt;br /&gt;
Analytic concepts are learned from experience by abstraction. 24&lt;br /&gt;
Synthetic concepts are constructed; have exact meaning that they want to say 24&lt;br /&gt;
By this paradigm, to understand a living organism, accepted scientific protocol&lt;br /&gt;
requires taking it apart to get at the basic components that function as mechanisms.&lt;br /&gt;
Mechanisms are processes prearranged to produce certain results given certain inputs&lt;br /&gt;
Biophysist Mae-Wan Ho’s book, The Rainbow and the Worm, 1998 speaks of&lt;br /&gt;
organismic nature not mechanistic 25&lt;br /&gt;
From the “substance” metaphysics – we got classic logics to materialism 25&lt;br /&gt;
Characteristics of Traditional Logics: 25&lt;br /&gt;
Results of materialism: 25-26&lt;br /&gt;
Psychologist, E. Rosch characterized perception based on materialism worldview of&lt;br /&gt;
knowledge as follows 26&lt;br /&gt;
5&lt;br /&gt;
Consequences of this old world-view (to be written) 26&lt;br /&gt;
This needs careful work to add current events also see section on Applications&lt;br /&gt;
and Implications 26&lt;br /&gt;
Section III Overview of New Mind 26&lt;br /&gt;
We need to grow a new mind; A Synergy of Society, Science and Spirituality 26&lt;br /&gt;
1. Overview of New mind; What will be New Mind? 26&lt;br /&gt;
2. What is needed to support life?&lt;br /&gt;
3. What is needed are a new metaphysics and a new logic?&lt;br /&gt;
4. What will the new mind be?&lt;br /&gt;
1. Overview of New Mind Foundations 27&lt;br /&gt;
A.. Philosophical/process metaphysics (Whitehead) 27&lt;br /&gt;
B .Semiotics (Peirce) 27&lt;br /&gt;
C.Process (Theology) Panentheism (Hartshorn) 28&lt;br /&gt;
D.Theoretical Biology (Rosen, Salthe, Hamann) 28&lt;br /&gt;
E New ways of thinking (new logics) (Foundations of knowledge) 28&lt;br /&gt;
Our concern here will be the ability of formal systems to express ideas which have never&lt;br /&gt;
before been expressed and which can not be expressed in language or logics as we have known&lt;br /&gt;
them.&lt;br /&gt;
Formal logic and mathematics are both examples of formal&lt;br /&gt;
reasoning. 29&lt;br /&gt;
Need for LIVING logics, final cause, &amp;amp; values 30&lt;br /&gt;
Organization: 30&lt;br /&gt;
Logic -Traditionally logic has been based on propositions. 30&lt;br /&gt;
Limits in traditional extensional Logics: 30&lt;br /&gt;
LOGICS Intensional and Extensional further Defined:30&lt;br /&gt;
Intensional logic - logic with consequences based on meaning&lt;br /&gt;
30&lt;br /&gt;
Intensional logic is based on a triadic system of complete signs,&lt;br /&gt;
entailing a symbol, a reference to something, and a meaning.&lt;br /&gt;
6&lt;br /&gt;
Extensional logic - logic with form (logic form) only 31&lt;br /&gt;
Foundations of Knowledge non-life sciences / life sciences 31&lt;br /&gt;
Reductionism needs revision: What about Aristotle’s “final”&lt;br /&gt;
cause 31&lt;br /&gt;
Rosen gives a Heads Up on Final Cause: 32&lt;br /&gt;
What is required to make sense of Final Cause? 32&lt;br /&gt;
What is required is the ability to formalize self-referential relations,&lt;br /&gt;
relations of relations, entailments of entailments. 34&lt;br /&gt;
Need for LIVING logics, final cause, &amp;amp; values&lt;br /&gt;
A Autopoiesis 32&lt;br /&gt;
B Formal Axiology: Hartman Axiology is the theory of value. 33&lt;br /&gt;
The Laws of Values: 34&lt;br /&gt;
Are there natural laws of value? 34&lt;br /&gt;
There are three kinds of value; intrinsic, extrinsic and systemic: 34&lt;br /&gt;
Remarkably, the three kinds of value are related to the three levels of&lt;br /&gt;
Peirce’s Semiotics; firstness, secondness and thirdness. 34&lt;br /&gt;
Union of International Organizations UIA 34-35&lt;br /&gt;
To understand values requires changing from a thing perspective to a&lt;br /&gt;
process perspective 35&lt;br /&gt;
In the composition of reality we find both perspectives.&lt;br /&gt;
There is both what there is and what is being done. 35&lt;br /&gt;
Reality as available for our experience comes about in a&lt;br /&gt;
cyclic process. First, there is what there is. Then there&lt;br /&gt;
are acts made possible by what there is which create a&lt;br /&gt;
new what there is leading to new possible acts. Each&lt;br /&gt;
moment of “what there is,” we call facts. The facts will make&lt;br /&gt;
a spectrum of acts possible. The final choice of acts is based&lt;br /&gt;
on values. 35&lt;br /&gt;
Logics we have known are appropriate to the mechanics of fact. 37&lt;br /&gt;
The logic of value is functional, not propositional 36&lt;br /&gt;
Functions express transformations. It doesn’t make sense to say that a&lt;br /&gt;
transformation is true or false. Thus we need to rid ourselves of our past&lt;br /&gt;
notions of logic and begin anew. 37&lt;br /&gt;
7&lt;br /&gt;
I suggest that different value words actually refer to different&lt;br /&gt;
functions. 36&lt;br /&gt;
Hartman defined ‘good’ 36&lt;br /&gt;
• The intension of a concept is a set of attributes that make up the&lt;br /&gt;
meaning of the concept.&lt;br /&gt;
• The extension of a concept is a set of objects to which the&lt;br /&gt;
concept applies.&lt;br /&gt;
• ‘Good’ might be applied to a member of the extension if its&lt;br /&gt;
attributes fulfill the intension.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditionally definitions of ‘good’ have been given in terms of&lt;br /&gt;
states of affairs that someone considered good. Value has been&lt;br /&gt;
defined as the greatest good for the greatest number. In this way&lt;br /&gt;
there is clearly room for much difference of opinion. There will&lt;br /&gt;
never be agreement with this approach.&lt;br /&gt;
The central question of Autognomics has been whether or not&lt;br /&gt;
the processes of life have a different logic from those logics we&lt;br /&gt;
have known? If so, does it help us understand values? The&lt;br /&gt;
answers are a resounding “yes” to both questions.&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore we use logic of value and logic of sign processes for&lt;br /&gt;
Logic of Life.&lt;br /&gt;
The logic of life involves much that the traditions of logical&lt;br /&gt;
inquiry rejected. For example; self-reference and paradox and the&lt;br /&gt;
fact that the logic of life is creative rather than truth preserving. I&lt;br /&gt;
suggest that the logic of life actually involves two complementary&lt;br /&gt;
families of logics that function together to manifest life as we know&lt;br /&gt;
it. One of those families of logics is the logic of value.&lt;br /&gt;
C. Central to the logic of life is the logic of sign processes or&lt;br /&gt;
semiotics as put forth by Charles Peirce 37&lt;br /&gt;
Semiotics talks about signs involving both an object and an&lt;br /&gt;
interpretation 37&lt;br /&gt;
Thus we might re-word Hartman’s definition. ‘Good’ now&lt;br /&gt;
becomes a matter of sign interpretations.&lt;br /&gt;
Aciologial Fallacies (Hartman Structure of Value) 38&lt;br /&gt;
8&lt;br /&gt;
Section IV-A 38&lt;br /&gt;
Steps for Advancing Knowledge (What theory should be like) 40&lt;br /&gt;
See other papers by Norm&lt;br /&gt;
Scholars Invitation&lt;br /&gt;
World Crisis&lt;br /&gt;
Propositions&lt;br /&gt;
How a science is formed (the development of a new language or sign system) The following is an&lt;br /&gt;
outline of work to be done 38&lt;br /&gt;
Science follows philosophy. Usually about 2500 years of philosophical observation occurs before formalization develops that helps us know what to do with the observation 39&lt;br /&gt;
Habits to be challenged: 40&lt;br /&gt;
***The Power of Formalisms, Logic and Mathematics: 41&lt;br /&gt;
(Possibly to be used as primary outline of book/paper)&lt;br /&gt;
i. Logic and Mathematics 42&lt;br /&gt;
ii. Contemporary Science 42&lt;br /&gt;
iii. Organizing Principles Organizing Principles are principles that&lt;br /&gt;
maximize freedom while minimizing chaos 43&lt;br /&gt;
iv. Research Goals 44&lt;br /&gt;
v. Science: We believe that living process is organized by natural laws.&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of science is discovery and articulation of natural laws. 44&lt;br /&gt;
We will argue that quantum phenomena are at a pre-habitual level of&lt;br /&gt;
physical `reality and thus are closer to the laws of living process.` 47&lt;br /&gt;
vi. Working the Transition 45&lt;br /&gt;
• the difference between philosophy and science is a difference in methods of inquiry&lt;br /&gt;
• the methods of inquiry are complementary&lt;br /&gt;
• the methods can be, and should be, applied to the same subject matter&lt;br /&gt;
• the methods of philosophy are analytic and inductive&lt;br /&gt;
• the methods of science are synthetic and deductive&lt;br /&gt;
• for any given subject matter the initial inquiry must be philosophical&lt;br /&gt;
• science can only begin when philosophical inquiry has sufficiently matured&lt;br /&gt;
9&lt;br /&gt;
Thus in proposing a transition to science I am also proposing that philosophy has sufficiently matured.&lt;br /&gt;
45&lt;br /&gt;
1. As a first step in building a science we begin constructing the domain of discourse 45&lt;br /&gt;
Simultaneously we need to develop a suitable formalism 46&lt;br /&gt;
Suddenly we see that laws of logic that have held since Aristotle are merely special cases suitable for&lt;br /&gt;
building logics of restricted application, e.g., application to non-living domains. Now our minds can&lt;br /&gt;
be freed to pursue alternative patterns of thought once seen as impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
For example, “actors” will replace particles, signs will replace symbols, acts will replace attributes,&lt;br /&gt;
and so forth.&lt;br /&gt;
2. As a second step in building a science we begin constructing a formal theory of the subject&lt;br /&gt;
matter 46&lt;br /&gt;
Two Chilean biologists, Maturana and Varela, founded Autopoiesis. It defines the&lt;br /&gt;
conditions on process by which a living organism can both create and maintain itself in a state&lt;br /&gt;
of autonomy in a constantly changing ecological niche. 46&lt;br /&gt;
Axiology is the theory of value. Here we choose the work of Robert Hartman who was&lt;br /&gt;
transforming axiology from value philosophy to value science. His formal definitions of Intrinsic,&lt;br /&gt;
Extrinsic and Systemic value and the laws relating them explain many puzzles. 46&lt;br /&gt;
vii. A Synthesis Our experiences and perceptions are co-created by ongoing interactions or, in the&lt;br /&gt;
words of Floyd Merrell, interdependent interrelations, between that external reality and our selves.&lt;br /&gt;
Thus we should ask, what do we bring to this co-creation and how does what we bring effect our&lt;br /&gt;
experience and perceptions? 46&lt;br /&gt;
We all are born into a language using community from which we all learn a whole&lt;br /&gt;
system of starting assumptions 46&lt;br /&gt;
Right now we, the people of the world, are in a transition phase of conscious revision. The&lt;br /&gt;
system of starting assumptions that has served for twenty-five centuries has begun to fail. Two&lt;br /&gt;
indicators of the failure are the peculiarities of quantum physics and crises in the foundations of&lt;br /&gt;
mathematics that occurred around the beginning of this century. More spectacularly we find social&lt;br /&gt;
institutions beginning to fail. 47&lt;br /&gt;
There are two disciplines primarily concerned with systems of starting assumptions. They are&lt;br /&gt;
philosophical metaphysics and logic 49&lt;br /&gt;
viii. Process Metaphysics 47 (more detail here adding to description earlier)&lt;br /&gt;
viv On Reforming Logic 48&lt;br /&gt;
We want to form a logic of process. Central to the notion of process is the idea of what is&lt;br /&gt;
being done, or acts, rather than what is. The importance of “what is” will arise later as a&lt;br /&gt;
condition on what can be done. Can logic be expressed strictly in terms of acts? Yes, it&lt;br /&gt;
can be. 48&lt;br /&gt;
10&lt;br /&gt;
To illustrate we turn to what is now known as combinatory logic. 49-50&lt;br /&gt;
ix. Some Conclusions on logics 50&lt;br /&gt;
Combinator approaches introduce us to some profound differences. First, to study&lt;br /&gt;
more traditional logical notions, known as illative notions, a pure combinator framework is&lt;br /&gt;
established and then illative operators are adjoined. There are many illative systems being&lt;br /&gt;
studied. One particular issue concerns rules of inference. 53&lt;br /&gt;
I believe a most important next step is to combine semiotics with Rosen’s work. My&lt;br /&gt;
reason is that semiotic processes take on a life of their own in what may be a primordial&lt;br /&gt;
matrix. *** 54&lt;br /&gt;
Section IV-B (The following is Repetition on many points as talked about above, but some&lt;br /&gt;
additional ideas here need to be brought out from this section) 51&lt;br /&gt;
Steps towards a New Science - A new Mind: 51&lt;br /&gt;
(Another description of process described in above section” power of formalism”)` 55&lt;br /&gt;
1. As a first step in building a science we begin by constructing the domain of discourse Thus&lt;br /&gt;
we begin with the sister disciplines, process metaphysics and the logic of formalisms or&lt;br /&gt;
epi-logic 52&lt;br /&gt;
2. .As a second step, we begin constructing a formal theory of the subject matter, i.e., living&lt;br /&gt;
processes. 52&lt;br /&gt;
-Three such disciplines are autopoiesis, axiology and semiotics.&lt;br /&gt;
-Also, the work of Robert Rosen and the work of, biophysicist, Mae Wan Ho.&lt;br /&gt;
SubjectMatter: Living processes “laws” being identified and expressed are&lt;br /&gt;
emerging from disciplines listed below for identifying “subject matter” 52-53&lt;br /&gt;
The Laws of Value, natural inherent hierarchical capacities for valuing&lt;br /&gt;
Laws of Learning, knowing what and how we know&lt;br /&gt;
Laws of Perception and Communication, knowing from inside out, from&lt;br /&gt;
within&lt;br /&gt;
Laws of Autonomy, creation and maintenance of self&lt;br /&gt;
Laws of Process and Reality, metaphysics - foundations of our world view&lt;br /&gt;
Laws of Functionality and Relations, how everything and every event is&lt;br /&gt;
connected&lt;br /&gt;
Laws of Coherence (Relational Quantum Coherence ?)&lt;br /&gt;
11&lt;br /&gt;
Autopoiesis: 53&lt;br /&gt;
Axiology: Hartman’s value classes are based on intensions (meanings). 56&lt;br /&gt;
Facts and Values: 54&lt;br /&gt;
Semiotics:Semiotics is the theory of sign processes 54&lt;br /&gt;
Reforming Logic with Combinator Logic; Combining Logic with Metaphysics; the Basis&lt;br /&gt;
for the Synthesis of these aforementioned disciplines 55&lt;br /&gt;
There are two disciplines primarily concerned with systems of starting assumptions.&lt;br /&gt;
They are philosophical metaphysics and logic. These are not popularly known&lt;br /&gt;
disciplines since in normal times one can simply accept tradition. However, in times of&lt;br /&gt;
radical and fundamental change these two disciplines should come to the fore.&lt;br /&gt;
That is where we begin 58&lt;br /&gt;
We know from both semiotics and autopoiesis that our experiences of reality, our&lt;br /&gt;
perceptions, are not simply dictated through our senses by an external reality. Our&lt;br /&gt;
experiences and perceptions are co-created by ongoing interactions or, in the words of&lt;br /&gt;
Floyd Merrell, interdependent interrelations, between that external reality and our&lt;br /&gt;
selves.1 Thus we should ask, what do we bring to this co-creation and how does&lt;br /&gt;
what we bring effect our experience and perceptions? 55&lt;br /&gt;
We all are born into a language using community from which we all learn a whole&lt;br /&gt;
system of starting assumptions. What we can ultimately experience and perceive&lt;br /&gt;
depends on what that system of starting assumptions permits; unless, of course, we&lt;br /&gt;
consciously revise it. Fortunately, language is intrinsically meaningless. We have to&lt;br /&gt;
work with it to shape it and render meaning. In the course of shaping language, the role&lt;br /&gt;
of philosophy, we may find flaws in our starting assumptions leading to conscious&lt;br /&gt;
revision. 55&lt;br /&gt;
Conscious revision is a most difficult process 55&lt;br /&gt;
On reforming logic to logic of process: 56&lt;br /&gt;
Combinator Logic – work of Haskell Curry 56&lt;br /&gt;
Combining Logic and Process Metaphysics: Once subject of logic was&lt;br /&gt;
well defined. 59&lt;br /&gt;
For example, a system of entailment was developed at Yale with the goal&lt;br /&gt;
of capturing the English meaning of “If x then y”. (see work of Alan&lt;br /&gt;
Anderson and Nuel Belnap ) 59&lt;br /&gt;
Basic contentions of the process metaphysics (from Rescher) 60&lt;br /&gt;
1 Floyd Merrell, Signs Grow: Semiosis and Life Processes, University of Toronto Press, 1996&lt;br /&gt;
12&lt;br /&gt;
Thus the foundation of this research is a wedding of process metaphysics&lt;br /&gt;
and modern formalisms satisfying Bertrand Russell’s observation that a&lt;br /&gt;
philosopher knows what he is talking about while a mathematician&lt;br /&gt;
(formalist) knows precisely what he is saying 64&lt;br /&gt;
Section IV C In summary outline of Science Formation Process: 60 (another&lt;br /&gt;
repetition with some ideas added, clarified &amp;amp; simplified perhaps)&lt;br /&gt;
A) Discovery of new knowledge (what we’re talking about) identifying the&lt;br /&gt;
furniture 60&lt;br /&gt;
B) Development of ways to talk about new knowledge (new logics) 64&lt;br /&gt;
C) Application of rules of logic (to create recipes for understanding the new&lt;br /&gt;
knowledge) 64-65&lt;br /&gt;
D. Combine the theoretical and empirical philosophical research to form a new&lt;br /&gt;
science 65&lt;br /&gt;
Section IV D Functions and Processes to re-consider about organisms (for some&lt;br /&gt;
reason I think this belongs here) 61-66&lt;br /&gt;
Section IV E A prolegomena by Norm Hirst on the Axioms of Life 67&lt;br /&gt;
Copyright © held by Norm F. Hirst, 3/3/04(written 2004 again clarifying in diferent ways)&lt;br /&gt;
Living organisms are self-aware, self motivated actors. Thus they are totally outside the&lt;br /&gt;
domain of current scientific thinking. Current scientific thinking is either classification, as in&lt;br /&gt;
creating a taxonomy, or causal dynamics. In the case of causal dynamics it is assumed it must&lt;br /&gt;
be both quantitative and predictive. 67&lt;br /&gt;
Classification tells us nothing useful for understanding living organisms. Classifications&lt;br /&gt;
are based on external physical properties. They tell us nothing about internal awareness or&lt;br /&gt;
motivations. By causal dynamics I mean motion due entirely to external forces. 67&lt;br /&gt;
Now if we are going to have a science of life we need to ask what we expect of it. Since living&lt;br /&gt;
organisms are self-motivated actors we are not going to predict behavior as we might from a&lt;br /&gt;
robot. Nor are we going to be able to control people. We are not even going to consider it. But what&lt;br /&gt;
we can do is begin to understand what is possible. 67&lt;br /&gt;
Here we are concerned with all living organisms and the environment they create&lt;br /&gt;
Is the ecosystem a living organism? 68&lt;br /&gt;
Now we need to explore what kind of process and how do we express it. Formalism 68&lt;br /&gt;
13&lt;br /&gt;
Formalisms are used to express the generation or creation of forms. 68&lt;br /&gt;
(Key Thesis) 69&lt;br /&gt;
All the formalisms known today produce an order of things. The integers are things. 69&lt;br /&gt;
To understand life and living organisms we need a new style of formalism. We need formalisms&lt;br /&gt;
to produce orders of acts. 69&lt;br /&gt;
The philosophical basis is process metaphysics, not substance metaphysics. That is, fundamental&lt;br /&gt;
concepts are concepts of acts, not objects. To put it another way, we work with verbs, not nouns.&lt;br /&gt;
This rejects subject-predicate forms of logic. 69&lt;br /&gt;
This also rejects the typical emphasis on truth. Life is creative rather than truth preserving. Rather&lt;br /&gt;
than subject-predicate propositions judged by their truth-values, we turn to combinations of acts&lt;br /&gt;
judged as to the effectiveness. Effectiveness is a value judgement. 69&lt;br /&gt;
**The driving force of life is to achieve harmonized (coherent) variety and diversity. The&lt;br /&gt;
measure of value is proportional to the measure of diversity and the measure of coherence. 69&lt;br /&gt;
A process is a combination of acts, though combination is a rather weak word. Perhaps we should&lt;br /&gt;
speak of a society of acts or a nexus of acts. Envision acts embedded in acts. Envision acts relating&lt;br /&gt;
acts. Envision an organism as a society with many foci of sub-societies acting simultaneously and&lt;br /&gt;
driven by coherence. 69&lt;br /&gt;
Substance metaphysics has forced upon on us worldviews precluding values. With a few exceptions,&lt;br /&gt;
the literature on values is rather ridiculous. Values are not things. They are conditions on living&lt;br /&gt;
processes. 69&lt;br /&gt;
I said that living organisms are self-knowing and self-motivated. Everything that today’s&lt;br /&gt;
science deals with effectively is simply the passive result of causal interactions. A living&lt;br /&gt;
organism has to choose. * 69&lt;br /&gt;
In semiotics it is thought that an organism prepares to act based on deduction, particularly in thirdness&lt;br /&gt;
where knowledge of laws becomes available. By deduction it calculates what is likely to be next in&lt;br /&gt;
the world of its experience. No doubt this is part of the truth. But for a living organism that has to&lt;br /&gt;
choose there is the need to be sensitive to the totality of what is possible and out of that totality&lt;br /&gt;
what is most desirable. Thus we enter the realm of values that, to the best of my knowledge, has&lt;br /&gt;
never been adequately explored. ** 69&lt;br /&gt;
* A living organism begins with a single act of manifestation 69&lt;br /&gt;
14&lt;br /&gt;
Section V Beginning Axioms 70&lt;br /&gt;
Beginning Axioms with Abductive Hypothesis (1/18/06 ) 70-71&lt;br /&gt;
RE-considerations on Organisms Further Exploring Axioms 71-76&lt;br /&gt;
Section VI Summary and Conclusions 2007 77&lt;br /&gt;
A summary and conclusions towards new living logic for Science of Organisms as&lt;br /&gt;
published in Cosmos and History - The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy in 2008 79&lt;br /&gt;
Characteristics of Organisms 77&lt;br /&gt;
Requirements of Organisms 77&lt;br /&gt;
Recent Empirical Philosophy about Organisms (early naming of orders of acts) 77-80&lt;br /&gt;
Within Organisms and Organism Ways: 80&lt;br /&gt;
Organisms are Not simple (Allonomic) systems 80&lt;br /&gt;
Logic (Early considerations) of Organisms 80&lt;br /&gt;
Considerations for Organismic Formalisms 80&lt;br /&gt;
I do have problems with the word logic. Logic is a collection of formal systems originating in&lt;br /&gt;
the need for sound arguments. Needed now is a class of formal systems with different&lt;br /&gt;
properties for different purposes&lt;br /&gt;
It is the job of empirical philosophy to discover and describe what there is in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
Empirical philosophy is a precursor to science leading to thought recipes 81&lt;br /&gt;
Will Mathematics Serve 81&lt;br /&gt;
For a logic of organismic function, we should be mindful, based on experience, that it should lead to&lt;br /&gt;
the following results 82&lt;br /&gt;
• New Realities&lt;br /&gt;
• Novelty&lt;br /&gt;
• Variety&lt;br /&gt;
• Paradox&lt;br /&gt;
• Cooperation&lt;br /&gt;
• Avoidance of equilibrium, is meta-stable&lt;br /&gt;
• Energy, energy stores&lt;br /&gt;
• Improbability&lt;br /&gt;
• Effective Acts&lt;br /&gt;
• Functioning as a unity&lt;br /&gt;
15&lt;br /&gt;
• Evolution, not random processes or survival of the fittest&lt;br /&gt;
• Oscillation and vibratory processes between both poles of categorical contrasts to find effective&lt;br /&gt;
acts in its creation process&lt;br /&gt;
Rosch description Primary Knowing 82&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast to Results of Materialism 82&lt;br /&gt;
• Deterministic&lt;br /&gt;
• Materialistic&lt;br /&gt;
• Cause and effect, there is no way of seeing process or how something becomes other than&lt;br /&gt;
cause and effect&lt;br /&gt;
• Passive things/a thing world&lt;br /&gt;
• Parts/things/machine-like&lt;br /&gt;
• No final cause&lt;br /&gt;
• Only way to cause action is with force&lt;br /&gt;
• It’s predictable&lt;br /&gt;
• Has need for consistency/ truth preservation&lt;br /&gt;
• Discrete separate things&lt;br /&gt;
• Deals only with facts&lt;br /&gt;
Rosch characterizs materialism an analytic picture 84&lt;br /&gt;
Distinctions between traditional logics and organismic formalisms 83&lt;br /&gt;
Characteristics of Traditional Logics: 83&lt;br /&gt;
• Truth preserving&lt;br /&gt;
• Thing oriented (extensional)&lt;br /&gt;
• Consistency that denies process&lt;br /&gt;
• Static&lt;br /&gt;
• Excludes self-reference (self-knowing)&lt;br /&gt;
• Excludes values&lt;br /&gt;
Characteristics of Organismic Formalisms: 84&lt;br /&gt;
• Abductive/Creative&lt;br /&gt;
• Meaning oriented (intensional)&lt;br /&gt;
• Allows oscillation&lt;br /&gt;
• Dynamic&lt;br /&gt;
• Requires self-reference (self-knowing)&lt;br /&gt;
• Value-driven&lt;br /&gt;
The primitives of the Organismic Formalisms: 84&lt;br /&gt;
• Will not be things&lt;br /&gt;
16&lt;br /&gt;
• There will be acts and inner relations (Inner relations are relations that change the related)&lt;br /&gt;
• The rules will not be inference rules but transformations&lt;br /&gt;
• They will not have truth-values&lt;br /&gt;
• Truth values will be replaced by coherence, coherence will be conserved&lt;br /&gt;
• They will not have subject-predicate forms of propositions.&lt;br /&gt;
• Categories will not be object categories but function categories&lt;br /&gt;
• The questions we will ask of organismic formalisms will not be “is it true”?&lt;br /&gt;
• We will ask, “Can one get there from here”?&lt;br /&gt;
Concluding thoughts on Life-itself as organism: 85&lt;br /&gt;
the ultimate goal of life is to increase value. What values and how they’ll be manifested is&lt;br /&gt;
a free expression of organisms. Purposes (final cause) do not lend themselves to&lt;br /&gt;
prediction by the hard sciences. Being creative organism, life comes with value&lt;br /&gt;
intelligence: its creativity has direction and purpose that becomes its own free gift to the&lt;br /&gt;
universe.&lt;br /&gt;
Addenum I (Needs to be added to and edited)&lt;br /&gt;
Implications and Consequences developing from Abductive Hypothesis; Remaing&lt;br /&gt;
Section is on Applications (So What?) 85&lt;br /&gt;
The following are considerations on results and benefits of growing a new Mind using hypotheses&lt;br /&gt;
of Life-itself metaphysics and living value logics. May they provide guidance for thinking and&lt;br /&gt;
finding new action for social problems facing our world, today.&lt;br /&gt;
Pointing to Solutions 85&lt;br /&gt;
Knowing today what is being discovered about how living organisms actually function is nowhere&lt;br /&gt;
near what we used to think. The “actual functioning” points to practically every problem we have&lt;br /&gt;
in society today and explains why those problems exist. By understanding the actual functioning,&lt;br /&gt;
many of those problems can be simply dissolved.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine and Health Care 86&lt;br /&gt;
Education. Schools 87-90&lt;br /&gt;
Law 90&lt;br /&gt;
Business 91&lt;br /&gt;
17&lt;br /&gt;
Opinions Are Not Enough (article Norm Hirst 2001) 92&lt;br /&gt;
On Terrorism (article Norm Hirst 2001) 93&lt;br /&gt;
Transforming the Workplace into a Life-Giving Experience;&lt;br /&gt;
By Plant Manager, Tess Jette 95-97&lt;br /&gt;
Science-Religion: Norm Hirst 97&lt;br /&gt;
Communication between Realities, Norm Hirst 100&lt;br /&gt;
New World View on Political Views (response to article Free Press) Norm Hirst 101&lt;br /&gt;
Why Peace is so Elusive! (Norm Hirst 2003) 105-109&lt;br /&gt;
-----------------------&lt;br /&gt;
Addendum II Glossary (Needs to be added to and edited) 110&lt;br /&gt;
Glossary A Glossary of Terms required to read this book: 110&lt;br /&gt;
Natural law consists of relationships, or systems of relationships, that&lt;br /&gt;
prevent chaos while not unduly inhibiting freedom. 110&lt;br /&gt;
What is science Science is formal theory development (sign or symbol system) applied to&lt;br /&gt;
subject matter (philosophies). When you interpret the elements of a formal sign system with&lt;br /&gt;
the elements of experience (subject matter), it leads to scientific understanding of that subject&lt;br /&gt;
matter. Once significant understanding is developed, the theory can be applied and tested. If a&lt;br /&gt;
single exception is found, the theory is rejected.&lt;br /&gt;
In science we give up ordinary language in favor of calculating with formalized systems of&lt;br /&gt;
signs. Through such a language of calculation we synthesize. Thus we have a closed loop:&lt;br /&gt;
subject matter =&amp;gt; linguistic analysis =&amp;gt; fundamental insights&amp;gt;axioms =&amp;gt; calculation =&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
subject matter&lt;br /&gt;
“form of function To achieve a science we must find a way to express the “form of&lt;br /&gt;
function”. Much has been written on “form and function”. But now we are concerned with the&lt;br /&gt;
“form of function”.&lt;br /&gt;
To achieve a science requires intellectual invention of a means for expressing the organizing&lt;br /&gt;
laws of the forms of function of that which has remained a mystery in experience combined&lt;br /&gt;
with an intense desire to penetrate the mystery at last and becoming free to soar to higher&lt;br /&gt;
aesthetic realms.&lt;br /&gt;
18&lt;br /&gt;
Science requires both head and heart, and so do we&lt;br /&gt;
What is theory? It is a whole system of related hypotheses and their consequences that reduce to a&lt;br /&gt;
unity.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophy and science are complementary methods of inquiry.&lt;br /&gt;
What is philosophy?&lt;br /&gt;
What is theory? It is a whole system of related hypotheses and their consequences that reduce to a&lt;br /&gt;
unity.&lt;br /&gt;
Paradigm: (needs to be filled in)&lt;br /&gt;
Subject Matter of The Autognomics Inquiry is Life-itself and its processes&lt;br /&gt;
What is life or life processes&lt;br /&gt;
Life science: Science marries precision with meaning. It is the ongoing practice of saying&lt;br /&gt;
precisely what we mean and meaning exactly what we say.&lt;br /&gt;
Thus, to produce a science, we need the pure theoretical work described above in addition to&lt;br /&gt;
the insights and experience of those who work closely with life processes. They might be&lt;br /&gt;
experts in psychology, religion, management, social work, as well as biology, genetics, or&lt;br /&gt;
medicine. The list seems endless.&lt;br /&gt;
LOGICS Defined: Intensional and Extensional&lt;br /&gt;
***Addendum III 113&lt;br /&gt;
Excerpts from Norm Hirst Gordon Conference Paper (May include the entire paper as&lt;br /&gt;
addendum)&lt;br /&gt;
Gordon Conference #3, 1970 on Human Values and Natural Science 113&lt;br /&gt;
In outlining work on creating science of values&lt;br /&gt;
We will define the order of an experience to be the number of separate transformation groups&lt;br /&gt;
which can be applied to the experience….&lt;br /&gt;
…briefly perception is constructive rather than passively receptive. Human percpetion and&lt;br /&gt;
development begins with the establishment of a repertoire of transformation groups, or schema,&lt;br /&gt;
in the motor system and develops to the transformation groups of the higher mental processes.&lt;br /&gt;
19&lt;br /&gt;
The higher mental processes give us transformation groups over and above those required to&lt;br /&gt;
merely function and survive in the world. They are to be expected given the influence of a&lt;br /&gt;
general drive towards increasing esthetic experience.&lt;br /&gt;
As we progress, we will and have considered:&lt;br /&gt;
1. That a scientific axiology is possible&lt;br /&gt;
2. That science means no more, nor less, than the replacement of intuitive notions by&lt;br /&gt;
formal ones.&lt;br /&gt;
3. That discovering the rationale of value requires a basis in process organismic&lt;br /&gt;
metaphysics&lt;br /&gt;
4. That expressing the rationale of value requires the replacement of ‘normal’ logics by&lt;br /&gt;
combinatory logics&lt;br /&gt;
5. That value evolves in experience according to extremum principles of esthetic measure&lt;br /&gt;
Addendum IV&lt;br /&gt;
Methods of Inquiry and how to Get Involved 115&lt;br /&gt;
List of Resources on History of Human Knowledge (needs to be added) Claire Grave’s Work,&lt;br /&gt;
Richard Tarnas the Passion of the Western Mind, others to be added&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jan</name></author>
	</entry>
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